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隨著近年來建(jian)筑電氣(qi)行(xing)業的(de)(de)快速發展，大型(xing)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合性小區及公(gong)建(jian)日益(yi)增多，由(you)于(yu)用電負(fu)荷的(de)(de)性質及供電負(fu)荷容量的(de)(de)變(bian)化，區域(yu)性變(bian)配電所(suo)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)成為電氣(qi)施工圖(tu)較普遍的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)內容。下面就針對變(bian)配電所(suo)施工圖(tu)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)文件的(de)(de)主要圖(tu)紙審查內容及要點做一(yi)些總結(jie)。
一、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)紙審(shen)查(cha)依據(ju)(ju)：變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)紙審(shen)查(cha)依據(ju)(ju)主要(yao)根據(ju)(ju)《建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)(tu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)件編(bian)制(zhi)深度規定》2017版的(de)要(yao)求及(ji)相關國家(jia)標準，主要(yao)包括(kuo)：《20KV及(ji)以下變電(dian)(dian)所(suo)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》，《3~110KV高壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》、《電(dian)(dian)力裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)保護和自動裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》，《電(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)安全自動裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》，《供配電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》，《建(jian)(jian)筑設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)防(fang)火規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》，《建(jian)(jian)筑機電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程抗震設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)規范(fan)(fan)(fan)》等國家(jia)標準。
二、施工圖紙審查(cha)內容：
（一）、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)書：變配(pei)電系(xi)統負(fu)荷(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)書：1)包含用電設(she)備負(fu)荷(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)、安裝容量(liang)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)有(you)功(gong)(gong)、無功(gong)(gong)、視(shi)在功(gong)(gong)率(lv)，變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)柴油發電機選型計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，包括變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)、發電機臺數(shu)、容量(liang)、負(fu)載率(lv)等內容。2)典型回路的電壓(ya)損失計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)，系(xi)統短路電流的計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。3)無功(gong)(gong)補償容量(liang)的計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。4)有(you)諧(xie)波治理(li)要求時，應有(you)諧(xie)波治理(li)設(she)備的選型計(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)(suan)(suan)。
5)防雷計算：獨立建設的(de)變(bian)配電所(suo)應提供(gong)防雷計算書。
（二(er)）、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)說明：1、變(bian)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)說明應依據所供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)建筑類別確(que)定負(fu)(fu)荷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等級，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓情況(kuang)(kuang)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)路數、近遠期發展情況(kuang)(kuang)；變(bian)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)位置、數量及(ji)型式(shi)，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)技術(shu)條(tiao)件和選型要求；高低壓配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統接線形(xing)式(shi)及(ji)運(yun)行方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，正常工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與(yu)(yu)備(bei)(bei)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)，母(mu)線聯絡開關(guan)運(yun)行及(ji)切換方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)；變(bian)壓器之間(jian)的(de)(de)低壓側聯絡方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣聯鎖設(she)(she)置，重要負(fu)(fu)荷的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)；有自備(bei)(bei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機時，應說明啟動、停機方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)及(ji)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)。2、繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)裝置的(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)。3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)計(ji)(ji)量裝置的(de)(de)設(she)(she)置情況(kuang)(kuang)。4、操作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和信號(hao)。 5、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量的(de)(de)管理 。
6、變配電裝置抗震設(she)計要求。
7、變(bian)配電所(suo)的節能設(she)計內容。
（三）、設計圖(tu)紙:
1、變配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)選(xuan)址(zhi)：民用建(jian)筑(zhu)宜(yi)集中設(she)置(zhi)配變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，當(dang)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負(fu)荷(he)較(jiao)大(da)、供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)半徑(jing)較(jiao)長時也可分散設(she)置(zhi)，高層(ceng)、超高層(ceng)建(jian)筑(zhu)可分散設(she)置(zhi)在避(bi)難層(ceng)、設(she)備(bei)(bei)層(ceng)、屋頂等(deng)處。配變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜(yi)接近負(fu)荷(he)中心，應方便(bian)(bian)進出線及(ji)便(bian)(bian)于設(she)備(bei)(bei)運輸。不宜(yi)設(she)在經常有積(ji)水的(de)場所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)相毗鄰或正下方，其(qi)選(xuan)址(zhi)應滿(man)足(zu)《20KV及(ji)以(yi)下變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)設(she)計規(gui)范》的(de)相關要求(qiu)。對于住宅(zhai)建(jian)筑(zhu)，變配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)或戶外預裝式變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)的(de)設(she)計應滿(man)足(zu)《住宅(zhai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)計規(gui)范》的(de)相關要求(qiu)。
2、變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)應(ying)包(bao)含(han)：1)、高低(di)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)（一(yi)次線(xian)(xian)路圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)），應(ying)包(bao)括(kuo)主(zhu)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)式及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)選(xuan)擇(ze)、配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中應(ying)標(biao)注(zhu)：變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、母(mu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)纜型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、標(biao)明開關、斷路器(qi)(qi)、互感器(qi)(qi)、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工儀(yi)表(biao)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、整定值等(deng)(deng)；開關柜(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、編號(hao)(hao)、回路編號(hao)(hao)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備容(rong)量、計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)算(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、導體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型(xing)號(hao)(hao)、規格(ge)、回路用(yong)途、敷(fu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)方(fang)式等(deng)(deng)。2)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平、剖面圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，應(ying)包(bao)括(kuo)配(pei)(pei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)：應(ying)有變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)、發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開關柜(ju)、控制柜(ju)、直流屏等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)架(jia)、地(di)(di)(di)溝、接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、安(an)裝尺寸(cun)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)平面圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)剖面圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)紙應(ying)有設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備明細表(biao)、安(an)裝方(fang)式及(ji)(ji)數量等(deng)(deng)內(nei)容(rong)。3)、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護及(ji)(ji)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)：包(bao)含(han)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護及(ji)(ji)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)二次原理(li)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，可選(xuan)用(yong)標(biao)準圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)通(tong)用(yong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。4)、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)干線(xian)(xian)系統(tong)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。5)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)樣(yang)(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)：如接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)樣(yang)(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)照明大(da)樣(yang)(yang)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)。6)、和有關專業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)合：如民(min)用(yong)建筑內(nei)附(fu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)防火門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要求，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)安(an)全出口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要求，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜夾(jia)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)要求，在采暖地(di)(di)(di)區，控制室(shi)、值班室(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)采暖裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在地(di)(di)(di)下室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)(suo)應(ying)采取(qu)防水淹(yan)措施，變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風措施等(deng)(deng)。7)、繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護及(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣測量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內(nei)容(rong)：繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護包(bao)含(han)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動投入裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護、中性點非直接(jie)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)系統(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護、10（6）KV分段母(mu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護、并(bing)聯(lian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)護、備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源和備用(yong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自動投入裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣測量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)包(bao)含(han)：測量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)容(rong)。
三、在施工(gong)圖紙審查(cha)過程中(zhong)，變配電所設計較常(chang)見(jian)的問題：
1、建筑(zhu)主體內預留變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)室，而送(song)審圖(tu)紙未做變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)系統(tong)設(she)計。正確(que)的(de)做法是：10KV供(gong)電(dian)的(de)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)方案、低壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)系統(tong)圖(tu)、變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)室平面(mian)布置、接地平面(mian)圖(tu)及變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)室照明設(she)計均應在施(shi)工圖(tu)中(zhong)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)。變配(pei)(pei)電(dian)所的(de)設(she)計圖(tu)紙可單(dan)獨(du)成套提(ti)(ti)供(gong)。
2、變(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)室的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)計偏離(li)負荷(he)中(zhong)心(xin)，低壓輸電(dian)距離(li)較(jiao)遠，室低壓線路(lu)的(de)電(dian)能(neng)損耗較(jiao)大，不利于節能(neng)。正確做(zuo)法：1）民用(yong)建(jian)(jian)筑宜(yi)(yi)集(ji)中(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)，當供電(dian)負荷(he)較(jiao)大、供電(dian)半徑較(jiao)長時(shi)，也可分(fen)(fen)散設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)。高層(ceng)或(huo)(huo)超高層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑可分(fen)(fen)設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)避難(nan)層(ceng)、設(she)(she)(she)備層(ceng)等處。2）單棟(dong)住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)筑在(zai)用(yong)電(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備總容量(liang)250KW以下時(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)多棟(dong)住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)集(ji)中(zhong)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)(pei)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)或(huo)(huo)采用(yong)戶(hu)外預裝式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)，單棟(dong)住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)筑用(yong)電(dian)容量(liang)在(zai)250KW以上時(shi)，宜(yi)(yi)每棟(dong)住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)設(she)(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)所(suo)。依據《20KV及以下變(bian)電(dian)所(suo)設(she)(she)(she)計規范(fan)》GB50053-2013-第(di)2.0.1；《住(zhu)宅(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)筑電(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)計規范(fan)》JGJ242-2011第(di)4.2.1條(tiao)
3、變配(pei)電(dian)所低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)系統圖中，消防(fang)(fang)負(fu)荷(he)的供電(dian)未(wei)采用分組型式供電(dian)，消防(fang)(fang)負(fu)荷(he)供電(dian)獨立性未(wei)得到保障。正確(que)做法(fa)：按(an)照《建筑設計防(fang)(fang)火規范》GB50016-2014-10.1.6的規定，參考條文(wen)說明的供電(dian)方案，低(di)壓配(pei)電(dian)采用消防(fang)(fang)負(fu)荷(he)單獨分組型式供電(dian)。（文(wen)：盧寧(ning)芳(fang)）